ATROPHIC RHINITIS (OZAENA)

Clinical Manifestations
  • Nasal obstruction
  • Continuous or sustained nasal congestion
  • Thick, sticky, yellow nasal discharge
  • Transient, declining sense of smell or loss of sense of smell
  • Generally severe frontal, maxillary or temporal headache
  • Distention in the head
  • Reduced memory
  • T: Red
  • C: Yellow or white
  • P: Rapid
Treatment Principle
  • Dispel Lung Heat
  • Disseminate Lung Qi
  • Drain pus
  • Unblock the Orifices (especially the nose)
Herb Formulas
Points
Clinical Manifestations
  • More severe
  • Unable to smell
  • Headache
  • Deficient memory
  • Strong odor inside nose
  • May be able to squeeze out green or yellow chunky chunks from the nose
  • Dry, hacking cough with little or no sputum
  • Flushed face
  • Sputum is difficult to expectorate
  • Restlessness
  • Maybe hemoptysis
  • Hiccups
  • Cough may cause chest pain
  • Dyspnea
  • Dry or sore throat
  • Upper respiratory tract infection
  • Hoarse voice
  • Asthma
  • Dry lips and mouth
  • Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Hemoptysis
  • Constipation
  • Thirst
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Dryness in nose
  • Sensation of fullness in chest
  • Epistaxis
  • Hypochondriac pain
  • Chills and fever
  • Headache
  • Anhidrosis
  • Irritability
  • Itching
  • T: Red tip, dry
  • C: Thin, yellow, or White and dry, or None
  • P: Superficial, maybe rapid or Big and weak or Deficient, big and rapid
Treatment Principle
  • Eliminates Dryness
  • Nourish Kidney and Lung Yin
  • Moistens the Lungs
Herb Formulas
Points
Clinical Manifestations
  • Ciliated columnar epithelium of the nasal mucosa is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Atrophy of mucosa, turbinal bones, seromucinous glands
  • Most commonly seen in females
  • Tends to appear during puberty
  • Can occur as early as 12 months of age
  • The nasal cavities become roomy and are filled with foul smelling crusts which are black or dark green and dry
  • Expiration painful and difficult
  • Foul smell from the nose
  • Nerve elements (responsible for the perception of smell) have become atrophied
  • Patients usually complain of nasal obstruction despite the roomy nasal cavity
  • Epistaxis may occur when the dried discharge (crusts) are removed
  • Septal perforation of the nasal vestibule can occur
  • Dermatitis of the nasal vestibule can occur
  • Nose may show a saddle nose deformity
  • Atrophic rhinitis is also associated with similar atrophic changes in pharynx and the larynx producing symptoms pertaining to these structures
  • Hearing impairment can occur due to eustachian tube blockage causing middle ear effusion
Treatment Principle
  • Generate Fluids
  • Moisten Dryness
  • Nourish Yin
  • Clear Heat
Herb Formulas
Points
Clinical Manifestations
  • Dry, itchy, painful nose
  • Throat dryness
  • Development of a white curd-like membrane in the throat that is difficult to scrape off
  • Dry mouth and throat worse at night
  • Soft or hoarse voice
  • Low back and legs sore and weak
  • Night sweats
  • Malar flush
  • Afternoon fever
  • Sterility
  • Spermatorrhea
  • Sore and swollen throat
  • Asthma
  • Dry nose and lips
  • Low grade fever
  • Raspy breathing resembling wheezing
  • Five sole heat
  • Cough with dry or little Phlegm
  • May be fever
  • Blood flecked Phlegm
  • Irritability
  • Insomnia
  • Steaming bones
  • White complexion
  • Maybe a red face
  • Skinniness
  • Shortness of breath (maybe exertional)
  • Urgent panting
  • Allergies
  • Seminal emission with dreams
  • Diminished urination
  • Feeling miserable and agitated with fever
  • T: Red and dry
  • C: Little or None
  • P: Thready and rapid
Treatment Principle
  • Nourish Yin
  • Clear the Lungs
Herb Formulas
Points